Sorghum (Sorghum spp.)

The term ‘Sorghum’ is derived from the Italian word sorgo, which is thought to stem from the Latin Syricum (meaning “of Syria” or “Syrian grass”), reflecting historical associations with the region during its spread to Europe. The genus Sorghum contains about 25 species found in tropical and subtropical climates, with the highest diversity occurring in Africa and Australia. The most commercially important species, Sorghum bicolor, originated in northeastern Africa. Sorghums are vigorous, coarse grasses that can be annuals or short-lived perennials, growing in clumps or from rhizomes. Like maize and pearl millet, Sorghum is a C4 plant, making it highly efficient in converting sunlight to energy and exceptionally tolerant of heat and drought. The plants typically have tall, solid stalks resembling maize, and produce grain in terminal panicles that range from loose and open to dense and compact heads.